S Alipour; P Shirmohammadi; Y Rahimsouri; H Bagheri
Abstract
Baba-Nazar garnet occurrence is located in northwest part of Sanandaj-Sirjan geological zone. Rock units in the area, including hornfels, garnetite and extensively weathered host rocks in contact with granite indicate garnet may have formed by metamorphism of clay-argillite, sandstone and calcareous ...
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Baba-Nazar garnet occurrence is located in northwest part of Sanandaj-Sirjan geological zone. Rock units in the area, including hornfels, garnetite and extensively weathered host rocks in contact with granite indicate garnet may have formed by metamorphism of clay-argillite, sandstone and calcareous rocks. The mineralogical and petrographical studies revealed that the evolution of mineralization has occurred during several progressive, retrograde and supergene alteration, while garnet has formed during progressive alteration. The results of the petrographical study of fluid inclusions show that most of the fluid inclusions in the garnet crystals fall in two groups: (1) Primary inclusions distributed randomly on the crystal faces and (2) secondary inclusions oriented along fractures and cleavage surfaces. Based on the inclusion diversity, four groups of these inclusions were differentiated: (1) single-phase liquid, (2) two-phase liquid-vapor, (3) solid multi-phase and (4) two-phase liquid–liquid. Micro thermometry of fluid inclusions in the garnet and quartz crystals show homogenization temperatures and salinities from 318 to 438 °C and 18.63 to 22.71 weight percent NaCl equivalent for garnet, and from 209 to 219 °C and 239 to 254 C° with 4.18 to 10.61 weight percent NaCl equivalent for quartz crystals.
Sh Fatahi; A.A Calagari; A Abedini; H Bagheri
Abstract
Chahreeseh bentonite deposit is located at ~55 km northeast of Isfahan, structural zone of Central Iran. This deposit has layered and massive form and includes six discrete outcrops. The field observations showed that the ores are genetically related to Oligo-Miocene tuff breccia. The mineralogical studies ...
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Chahreeseh bentonite deposit is located at ~55 km northeast of Isfahan, structural zone of Central Iran. This deposit has layered and massive form and includes six discrete outcrops. The field observations showed that the ores are genetically related to Oligo-Miocene tuff breccia. The mineralogical studies testified to the presence of minerals such as montmorillonite, saponite, beidellite, cristobalite, anorthite, calcite, dolomite, albite, vermiculite, actinolite, pyrophyllite, quartz, sanidine nontronite, orthoclase, microcline, tridymite, and hematite in rock-forming quantities in the bentonitic samples. Based on the minerals chemistry considerations, the Chahreeseh bentonite deposit can be classified as the Wyoming type. The results of mass change calculations (with assumption of Hf as low-mobile index element) show that progression of bentonitization process at Chahreeseh was accompanied by depletion of elements like Al, Fe, K, Ti, Mn, P, Ba, Co, Zn, Cs, Rb, Y, Zr, Ni, Sr, and Cu, enrichment of U, and leaching-fixation of elements such as Na, Mg, Ca, and Si. The geochemical interpretations revealed that variations of Eu negative anomaly (0.27-0.90) and weak negative to weak positive anomalies of Ce (0.97-1.22) at Chahreeseh have been controlled by the degree of feldspar alteration and changes in the rate of oxidation potential of the environment, respectively. By considering the results obtained from field relations, mineralogy and geochemistry, it seems factors such as physico-chemical conditions of alteration environment, absorption mechanism, difference in degree of alteration intensity of parent materials, the degree of access to fluoride, chloride, and sulfate ligands, incorporation in crystal structure, ionic exchange, physical concentration, and the presence in resistant mineral phases played significant roles in distribution and concentration of elements in this deposit, respectively.
F Malek Mahmoodi; M Khalili; H Bagheri
Abstract
Kavir bentonite in the northeast of Isfahan province is a part of the Khur bentonite horizon and lies in the Central Iranian structural zone. This deposits formed by the alteration of Eocene andesite-basalts. Based on the field observation several active faults are responsible in transporting siliceous ...
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Kavir bentonite in the northeast of Isfahan province is a part of the Khur bentonite horizon and lies in the Central Iranian structural zone. This deposits formed by the alteration of Eocene andesite-basalts. Based on the field observation several active faults are responsible in transporting siliceous fluids to the surface and their precipitation as geode, jasperoid and silicic veins. Microscopic observation indicates that these fluids outward alternatively in an alkaline aqueous basin. Chemical compositions of both siliceous and bentonitic samples as well as host volcanic rock show the same trend in trace elements and support the role of this hydrothermal fluid in bentonite formation. Depletion on LILE elements and Cs Positive anomalies is observed in siliceous and bentonitic samples. Oxygen and deuterium stable isotope study document that bentonites formed in temperature of about 83ْc and hydrothermal fluids are essentially derived from a meteoric water origin.
